几种杀菌剂对猕猴桃主要真菌性叶斑病菌的室内毒力测定

猕猴桃假尾孢Psedocercospora actinidiae Deighton和叶点霉菌Phyllosticta sp．是引起猕猴桃生长期的两种主要真菌病害。为了能筛选到对猕猴桃假尾孢和叶点霉菌具有高效抑制作用的杀菌剂，本文采用茵丝生长速率法测定了几种杀菌剂的毒力，结果表明，除腈菌唑外其余几种杀菌剂均可作为猕猴桃主要叶斑病的田间药效试验的首选药剂。     

滨州市特色果业在推动实施乡村振兴战略中的作用

滨州是山东省主要的优质果品产区,近年来,滨州立足自然资源禀赋和发展优势,大力实施“果品兴农、果品兴市”战略,特色果业对全市农业和经济发展的贡献率逐年提升,形成了以沾化冬枣为龙头,阳信鸭梨、惠民蜜桃、邹平水杏等特色果品共同发展的“一县一品”的产业布局,探索出了现代果业助推乡村振兴的成功经验。本文对滨州特色果业发展模式进行了总结,分析了发展过程中存在的问题,并提出了下一步的发展建议,为指导当地特色果业发展提供借鉴。     

多花黄精不同种源种实形态性状遗传变异研究

旨在阐明多花黄精种实形态性状在种源水平上的遗传变异规律,为多花黄精优良种源选择提供理论依据。以栽植在同质栽培园的18个多花黄精种源为材料,比较了不同种源多花黄精浆果、种子的纵径、横径、侧径等形态性状,以及单果重和种子千粒重等性状的差异。多花黄精种实形态性状及其单果鲜重和种子千粒重在不同种源间均存在着极显著差异;多花黄精浆果形态性状两两之间存在极显著正相关关系,种子形态性状两两之间也存在显著或极显著正相关关系,但绝大多数浆果形态性状与种子形态性状之间的相关性不显著;多花黄精种实形态性状在种源水平上不存在明显的地理变异模式;多花黄精种子形态性状在种源水平上的广义遗传力达到强度遗传范围,能比较稳定地遗传。可以考虑利用种子千粒重这一指标作为多花黄精优良种源选择的间接指标。     

The roles of light and pericarp on seed dormancy and germination in feral Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)

The timing of seed germination may determine the success of a weed species in an agroecosystem, and its expression is modulated by environmental conditions, but also by seed physiology and anatomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of light, pericarp, dry storage and cold stratification on seed dormancy and germination in feral radish, a troublesome agricultural weed in temperate zones of the Americas that reduces crop yields. To this end, we used isolated intact pods and extracted seeds to test germination over time under contrasting temperature, light and storage conditions. Here, we showed that fresh seeds were non‐dormant, but that light and the presence of the pericarp reduced germination, especially under low temperatures. The pericarp reduced the final water content absorbed by seeds inside pods and decreased absorption/dehydration rates. The pericarp showed several small lignified cell layers in the endocarp, and x‐ray images displayed the lack of space between the partially embedded seed and the endocarp. Dry storage and cold stratification were ineffective in breaking the dormancy imposed by the pericarp. The apparent requirement for darkness and the mechanical restriction of the pericarp may have the potential to induce dormancy, spreading the timing of seed germination over a more extended period and hindering the control of feral radish.     

疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响

为了研究疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响,以不疏花为对照,在初花期对其进行疏花处理,统计疏花量、记录果实发育情况及成熟日期,并测定果实成熟时的品质和整个过程中树体叶片营养变化情况。据统计,每株树的平均疏花量达到80%-90%左右,疏掉的小穗数、支穗数和侧穗数分别为89.81%、89.74%、81.82%。试验结果表明,疏花使无核荔枝的果实发育情况及果实成熟时的可食率、单果重、总糖、维生素C、还原糖均高于对照；果实成熟时,平均单株产量提高70.59%；疏花处理的果实成熟期较对照提前7天左右；该过程中树体叶片N、P、K、S、Ca、Mg含量在前期高于而后期稍低于对照。疏花加快了无核荔枝果实生长发育,并提高了果实的产量和品质。     

瓜实蝇龄期和密度对蝇蛹金小蜂寄生能力的影响

蝇蛹金小蜂是蝇类害虫重要的蛹期寄生性天敌，为了评价其对蔬菜上重要害虫瓜实蝇的控害潜能，本文就蝇蛹金小蜂对瓜实蝇蛹的寄生潜能进行了研究，建立了功能反应和干扰效应数学模型。结果表明，蝇蛹金小蜂对不同蛹龄瓜实蝇蛹的寄生功能反应均符合 HollingⅡ模型，但不同蛹龄之间的功能反应参数存在差异。蝇蛹金小蜂对 2 日龄、4 日龄和 6 日龄瓜实蝇蛹的模方程分别为 Na = 0.478 0N0/(1+0.010N0)、Na = 0.474 0N0/(1+0.008 6N0) 和 Na = 0.476 4N0/(1+0.009 9N0)。蝇蛹金小蜂自身密度也会对寄生产生一定的干扰效应，用 Hassell-Varley 模型拟合，蝇蛹金小蜂干扰效应方程可表示为：a = 0.071 9P –0.252 6。     

Using composted wheat residue as a growth medium in culture of tomato

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different growing media on some properties of tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum L. cv. Falcato). Four growing media including wheat residue, composted wheat residue, coco peat + perlite, and coco peat + soil were applied in pot experiment with completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that fruit yield, chlorophyll, and vitamin C contents of tomatoes grown in the composted wheat residue and coco peat + perlite treatments were significantly greater than the other growth media. Fresh weight of root and inflorescence were higher in the tomatoes cultivated in the composted wheat residue pots than the other media. Higher internode length and nutrient concentrations in leaf and fruit at the coco peat + perlite treatment were obtained as compared to the other growth media treatments. According to the results, it can be concluded that the coco peat + perlite can be substituted for by composted wheat residue for the cultivation of tomato.     

不同剂量药剂防治山楂梨小食心虫的综合效益评价

为有效防治山楂梨小食心虫,选用20%氰戊马拉松乳油(A1)、20%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂(A2)和10%阿维除虫脲乳油(A3)3种有代表性的农药,分别配以3种剂量即400倍液(B1)、800倍液(B2)和1 200倍液(B3),进行药剂喷施试验,以清水处理(B4)为对照,以好果率、好果产量、收入和净增纯收益4个农艺、经济指标为评价因素,对药剂防治综合经济效益进行同异分析。方差分析结果表明,3种药剂中,A2、A3防治效果(好果率)均较好,分别达到89.99%和89.94%;3种剂量之间无显著差异,防治效果在92.50%~95.83%。对好果率、好果产量、收入和净增纯收益4个因素的同异分析结果表明,A2B1综合效果最好,达到优良水平,其后依次为A2B2、A3B2、A3B3、A2B3、A3B1和A1B1,达到较好水平,以上7个处理的净增纯收益在8 626.5~13 615.5元/hm2。     

不同药剂处理对灵武长枣坐果与光合指标的影响

为了提高灵武长枣坐果率和单果质量,采用以色列专用肥(0.3%)、赤霉素(30×10-6)、爱乐壮(ALA、5-氨基乙酰丙酸)喷施处理大田种植的灵武长枣,测定其坐果率、光合速率、叶绿素含量、吊果量、单果质量等指标,分析不同药剂处理对灵武长枣坐果与光合作用的影响。结果表明:1‰ALA处理下的坐果率提高近1倍,且叶绿素含量、单果质量均高于对照;以色列肥处理下灵武长枣叶片的水分利用效率比对照高40%左右。因此推荐将1‰ALA和以色列专用肥应用于灵武长枣的生产实践中。     

基于ADAMS的油茶果采摘机械臂试验设计及优化

针对目前我国油茶采摘主要以人工为主,劳动强度大、采摘效率低等问题,设计了一种适合园艺化栽培的履带式油茶果采摘机,并在Adams软件中对机械臂进行试验设计和优化仿真。试验数据表明:油茶果采摘机工作区间与各机械臂的长度和液压缸安装距离呈线性相关,最佳组合处的机械臂长度总和减小25.67%,可为油茶果采摘机的机械臂设计提供参考。